Debit & Credit Card Authorization — impact tolerance ≤ 30 minutes — ITOL

Impact tolerance: ≤ 30 minutes — any time, for > 2% of authorization volume (illustrative default — trace the derivation, then replace with your own harm analysis)

Definition: Real-time authorization of debit and credit card transactions at point-of-sale, ATM, and card-not-present channels via Visa/Mastercard networks.

Why it is designated: Card auth failure is immediately visible at POS. Even brief outages generate declined-at-checkout complaints, merchant chargebacks, and social-media amplification. The networks (Visa/Mastercard) enforce SLA (service-level agreement) penalties for issuer availability.