ACH Origination & Receipt — impact tolerance ≤ 1 business day — ITOL

Impact tolerance: ≤ 1 business day — measured against the submission-window schedule, not the wall clock. The tolerance is breached when the bank can no longer land a file in the next unexpired window for its settlement date. One business day is the outer bound. (illustrative default — trace the derivation, then replace with your own harm analysis)

Definition: Originate and receive ACH credits and debits for payroll, bill pay, business-to-business, and consumer payments through the FedACH and EPN networks.

Why it is designated: NACHA rules and the Fed's operating circulars define fixed submission windows for same-day and next-day settlement. Missing a window causes downstream payroll and biller failures, customer NSF (non-sufficient funds) cascades, and NACHA rule-violation exposure.